Is control over these types of processing necessary?

Control is the ability to allow or prohibit a processing operation (see §06.00.01). Is it possible that a state carries out the above three types of processing operation but does not control them, that is, it carries them out at the instructions of another state (specifically, of another government, the state having no (conscious) will of its own, see §11.00.08)? In most of the ancient world (with the notable exception of city-states and isolated states) this was actually the case. For example, the state of Nazareth existed within the Jewish Kingdom that existed under the Roman Empire. The idea of state sovereignty (meaning of government sovereignty; the state is always sovereign on the information platform that it, after all, created; see §16.00.02 and note §16.00.09) came quite late on in human history, through the concept of the modern Westphalian state (see §16.00.08) (and this is perhaps the determining difference between modern and ‘old’ states in state theory today – see, however, §08.00.03). Control of these three processing operations is therefore not necessary to warrant a state’s legitimacy. A state may continue to carry out these operations for its citizens without it (specifically, its government) having control over them, that is, another state may be able to affect them (see also §16.00.09).

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